How can the “relapse” mechanism that may occur in the promaxilla or mandible after orthognathic surgery be prevented?

Relapse refers to the millimeter-sized retraction of the jawbones back to their original incorrect positions after orthognathic surgery. The relapse mechanism stems from both the inadequacy of the titanium plates and screws used to stabilize the bones during surgery and the resistance of the strong muscles and soft tissues surrounding the jaw to the new position. To prevent this, surgeons use strong fixation methods called “rigid fixation” during the operation and have the patient wear elastic guides (intermaxillary elastics) that connect the jaws for a certain period after the operation. In addition, flawless orthodontic planning before surgery, correction of functional disorders such as tongue thrusting, and the long-term use of passive retention plates after surgery play a critical role in preventing muscle memory from causing bone retraction.